Autism diagnoses are becoming increasingly more common. This is because we know more about the condition and there is much better awareness of how autism presents. You may know someone at your work or school with autism or perhaps have friends or family who have been diagnosed. This article will help you understand a little bit better what autism is and what it isn’t.
Autism Spectrum Disorder/Condition (ASD/ASC) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how people perceive the world and interact with others. It is called a “spectrum” because it presents in a variety of ways and at different levels of intensity. Some people with ASD experience few difficulties related to their diagnosis whereas others can experience difficulties or even impairments in various areas of everyday life.
The term ‘neurodevelopmental’ is important, as it means that the person must have experienced or shown autistic traits since their childhood. It also means that unlike a diagnosis of depression or anxiety, autism cannot be ‘fixed’ or ‘cured’ and is in fact something that makes people unique. You cannot ‘grow out’ of autism, but you can learn to manage the challenges that you are presented with in a neurotypical world.
What Are Common Symptoms Of ASC?
Differences in communication |
Repetitive behaviour patterns |
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This list is not exhaustive. Most people will experience at least one or two of the differences above. What is important for autism is to know that these differences do not suddenly appear, and that you need to experience more than just a few of these differences to be considered autistic. Importantly, you may notice that these differences impact on your day-to-day life.
Some helpful information is provided on the following NHS web pages:
- Adults https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/autism/signs/adults/
- Children https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/autism/signs/children/
We cannot stress enough that Autism is not a disease or disorder to be “cured”—it is a natural neurological difference. Support focuses on accommodation, understanding, and empowerment rather than forcing neurotypical behaviours.
Psychologists can play a role in providing support for people with ASC. They can assess and diagnose, provide therapy for co-occurring mental health problems, and help develop skills for living in a neurotypical world. The goal of any support for people with ASC is to empower them to live more fulfilling lives.
Early Diagnosis and Assessment
In mental health circles one often hears about the importance of early diagnosis. Some people may disagree with this approach and argue that early labelling can also have disadvantages. Regardless of whether a person is given a formal diagnosis, research is showing that identifying ASC traits and providing appropriate support can have benefits for the person long term, such as enhanced developmental outcomes and quality of life (Okoye et al., 2023).
Psychologists play an important role in early identification and follow up. Psychologists are trained to recognise when screening a person for autism can be useful. If a screening shows that a full assessment is recommended, this can also be carried out by a psychologist. Following an assessment the person assessed may or may not receive a diagnosis.
It is worth noting that regardless of whether one receives a diagnosis or not, the psychologist will write a report outlining the autistic traits identified and tailored recommendations and guidance for what to do next. Follow up support can be varied and include different groups of professionals. We will focus here on giving a short overview of what psychologists typically do to support people with ASC.
Therapy Interventions
Psychological therapies do not attempt to treat the ASC itself. Autistic people often experience life challenges and mental health problems which can be treated with psychological therapies. We are trained to adapt therapy approaches to suit the needs of autistic people while helping them address their mental health difficulties.
When working with autistic adults, therapists consider individual needs of the person, such as sensory and communication needs, while helping the person work on their mental health.
Psychologists use a variety of therapeutic approaches to support individuals with ASC. Some of the most common interventions include:
- Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Helps individuals manage anxiety, develop coping strategies, and address behavioural challenges.
- Social Skills Training: Provides structured guidance on communication, recognizing social cues, and forming relationships.
- Play Therapy: Play therapy encourages expression and helps develop emotional regulation skills.
- Family Therapy: Often, and particularly when working with children and young people with ASC, psychological therapies involve the family or support network around the young person in the therapeutic work.
Support for Families
Sometimes it can be hard for families to understand the needs of an autistic family member. Psychologists can provide guidance and education to parents and caregivers of someone with ASC, helping them understand their child’s needs, implement effective behavioural strategies, and access appropriate resources. Parent support and consultations can empower families to develop home environments that facilitate the needs of the autistic person.
School and Workplace Support
Psychologists often work closely with schools to help them adapt to the learning and social needs of a person with ASC. They collaborate with teachers and special education professionals to develop Individualized Education Programs tailored to the student’s unique needs.
For adults, psychologists assist in career counselling, workplace accommodations, and developing strategies for managing sensory sensitivities and social interactions.
Mental Health and Wellbeing
Individuals with autism may be at a higher risk for anxiety, depression and other mental health conditions. Psychologists provide psychological tools to help with these challenges. Mindfulness techniques, relaxation exercises, and structured routines can be particularly helpful in promoting well-being in people with ASC (as well as everyone else).
Advocacy and Awareness
Psychologists play an essential role in advocating for individuals with autism at school, work, and in society. By promoting awareness and educating communities, they help reduce stigma and create inclusive environments where autistic individuals can thrive.
Conclusion
Psychologists help support children and adults with autism through early diagnosis, therapy, skill-building, family guidance, and advocacy. By tailoring interventions to individual needs, psychologists can empower individuals with autism to navigate challenges and achieve their full potential in life.
The Oak Tree Practice offers autism assessments which are completed in line with NICE guidelines. We offer a pre-assessment too, to help us understand whether a full assessment is necessary and appropriate. If you have any questions, please contact the practice for more information.
References:
Okoye, C., Obialo-Ibeawuchi, C. M., Obajeun, O. A., Sarwar, S., Tawfik, C., Waleed, M. S., … & Mbaezue, R. N. (2023). Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: a review and analysis of the risks and benefits. Cureus, 15(8).
